Definitions – IATF 16949:2016

Terms and definitions for the automotive industry

accessory part
customer-specified additional component(s) that are either mechanically or electronically connected to the vehicle or powertrain before (or after) delivery to the final customer (e.g., custom floor mats, truck bed liners, wheel covers, sound system enhancements, sunroofs, spoilers, super-chargers, etc.)

Advanced product quality planning (APQP)
product quality planning process that supports development of a product or service that will satisfy customer requirements; APQP serves as a guide in the development process and also a standard way to share results between organizations and their customers; APQP covers design robustness, design testing and specification compliance, production process design, quality inspection standards, process capability, production capacity, product packaging, product testing and operator training plan, among other items
aftermarket part
replacement part(s) not procured or released by an OEM for service part applications, which may or may not be produced to original equipment specifications

authorization
documented permission for a person(s) specifying rights and responsibilities related to giving or denying permissions or sanctions within an organization

challenge (master) part
part(s) of known specification, calibrated and traceable to standards, with expected results (pass or fail) that are used to validate the functionality of an error-proofing device or check fixtures (e.g., go / no-go gauging)

control plan
documented description of the systems and processes required for controlling the manufacturing of product (see Annex A)

customer requirements
all requirements specified by the customer (e.g., technical, commercial, product and manufacturing process-related requirements, general terms and conditions, customer-specific requirements, etc.)
customer-specific requirements (CSRs)
interpretations of or supplemental requirements linked to a specific clause(s) of this Automotive QMS Standard
design for assembly (DFA)
process by which products are designed with ease of assembly considerations. (e.g., if a product contains fewer parts it will take less time to assemble, thereby reducing assembly costs)
design for manufacturing (DFM)
integration of product design and process planning to design a product that is easily and economically manufactured
design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA)
combination of two methodologies: Design for Manufacture (DFM), which is the process of optimizing the design to be easier to produce, have higher throughput, and improved quality; and Design for Assembly (DFA), which is the optimization of the design to reduce risk of error, lowering costs, and making it easier to assemble